Welcome to Topo-4D's
addresses the 4-D topographic evolution of the orogens and intra-plate regions of Europe through a multidisciplinary approach linking geology, geophysics, geodesy and geotechnology. TOPO-EUROPE integrates monitoring, imaging, reconstruction and modelling of the interplay between processes controlling continental topography and related natural hazards. -->
The impact of mantle processes on surface deformation is perhaps conceptually well understood but largely lacks thorough quantification. As a result, it is in many cases impossible to discriminate between mantle-induced and surface-induced contributions to surface deformation. Valuable observations of vertical surface motions can often not be equivocally interpreted unless basic assumptions, such as isostasy, are being invoked. Any progress in understanding present-day topography and topography evolution, and progress in making correct interpretations of valuable surface observables requires quantification of real-Earth mantle dynamics and of the surface response. The European-Mediterranean region is a well-studied natural laboratory for which this progress can now be made and this is what our CRP aims at. -->
